Measuring deprivation in Spain

This paper analyses the deprivation in Spain based on ECHP data for 1996. Usually, an indirect approach for measuring deprivation or poverty is used with poverty lines. That is, income is used as a proxy for analysing living conditions. However, some studies have used a direct approach to measure deprivation or poverty (Townsend 1988, Mayer and Jencks 1988, Muffels 1993, Callan et al 1993, Dirven and Fouarge 1995, Layte et al 1999, Whelan et al 2000). The aim of this paper is improving the identification of the poor people. The central point of the concept of deprivation we use is related to the opportunity to have or do something. Therefore, deprivation means here an inability to get the goods, facilities and opportunities, which are usual in the household environment. Since all of the variables needed to build the profiles are categorical, we use the latent class model to solve this problem because it is the best model to do it. This model supplies some clusters that are homogeneous within them and heterogeneous between them. We have analysed a sample of 6268 households. We have chosen households as the unit of analysis because the variables used in this study appears only in the ECHP Public Use household file. These variables are related to financial situation, housing and durable goods. Firstly, we have found deprivation clusters for each part (financial situation, durable goods, housing facilities, accommodation) and, afterwards, we have built a composite typology in order to identify deprived households.poverty ; deprivation ; latent class models

Consumers’ willingness to pay for biodiesel in Spain

Consumer/Household Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Mixed Markov models applied for population changes in Spain

In this paper, common patterns of transition are tried to find in population. We look for chains in order to group Spanish provinces into clusters. Besides, income changes are analysed by the same procedure. Finally, we combine both studies to compare them Population and income data since 1960 to 1996 are collected form I.N.E. (National Spanish Institute of Statistics) databases.

Institutional diversity in the euro area: Any evidence of convergence?

In recent years differences in the institutional structure across euro area countries are becoming a cause of concern both for some individual Member States and for the functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). From a global competitiveness perspective, we deal with the diversity in the institutional environment in the EMU. In particular, we assess whether the changes in the state of institutions provide convergence across euro area countries between 2006 and 2015. In addition, among the institutional indicators considered, we compute which institutional aspect contributes more to overall inequality in the state of institutions, as well as the contribution of each country to inequality considering as benchmark the country with the highest institutional quality. According to these country contributions, we highlight distinct patterns of convergence between ‘core’ and ‘periphery’ euro area countries and raise potential links between the institutional changes across euro area countries and both the differences in the intensity of the financial and economic crisis, and the policy responses in terms of fiscal consolidation applied by the respective national governments.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Does economic freedom increase income inequality? Evidence from the EU countries

Over the past decades there have been considerable changes in policies and institutions in favor of economic freedom in the EU countries. This trend coincides with widespread increases in income inequality in numerous member states. To what extent does economic freedom encourage inequality? This paper examines the relationship between economic freedom and income inequality in the EU countries using panel data for the 2000s. The empirical evidence suggests that economic freedom seems to entail greater income inequality. However, not all areas of economic freedom affect income distribution similarly. While government size and regulation appear to be robustly associated with income inequality, legal system and property rights, sound money, and freedom to trade internationally seem not to be significantly related with income distribution in the European context.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Manuel Guerra and the politics of Starr County, Texas 1880-1920

This study demonstrates the success of the Mexican American leadership of Starr County in maintaining their hold on power in defiance of Anglo American migrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. What aided Mexican American leadership in Starr County was that the major figure Manuel Guerra was highly educated, and his ancestors had settled the region as early 1767, which led many Mexican Americans both upper class and lower class to be loyal to him and those closely allied with him. The tactics used by Manuel Guerra and his allies were equal to the tactics used by political bosses across the United States. Using scholarly works on the subject, newspapers and election records, this study details what transpired during the period from 1880-1920. This study looks at how Mexican Americans under Manuel Guerra maintained power and landownership through the use of violence, elections, and protecting working-class Mexican Americans

Measuring inequality in a region: a SAM approach

In this paper, we apply SAM linear models to the economy in a Spanish region, Extremadura, from the usual household disaggregation of these matrices. The analysis aims to some issues related to income distribution. To achieve these goals, some relative multipliers are computed and we propose different simulations based on final demand and income transfers. Finally, we also compute the standard statistical measures of inequality and show how these measures change if different transfer policies are applied. JEL CODES: C69, D31, D59, H59

Incorporating Uncertainty and Cero Values into the Valuation of Protected Areas and Species

Under the Spanish conservation law, compensation is envisaged for the damage associated with all actions that reduce the quantity or quality of protected areas and species. This paper provides a tool to evaluate the monetary equivalent of this damage. We conduct a contingent valuation exercise to estimate the existence value related to protected areas and species in Aragon. This estimate is then reconsidered including the possibility of zero bids and also the possibility of uncertain preferences for non-familiar goods. Considering these two effects, mean values are reduced significantly giving support to previous recommendations of dividing by two contingent valuation estimates from dichotomous choice question formats.natural heritage, contingent valuation, Spike model, uncertainty, Land Economics/Use, B23, C24, C42, C52, D62, Q26,